Alberta government must reform spending to avoid deficits

According to Premier Danielle Smith, the Alberta government is creating a new committee—composed of the premier, Finance Minister Nate Horner, Technology and Innovation Minister Nate Glubish, three treasury board members, and three private members—to review government spending in the province. Smith says the committee will find savings so her government can deliver on the promised personal income tax cut. But in fact, the need for a thorough program review is much broader than that.
 
A bit of background.

During the election campaign, Smith promised to create a new 8 per cent tax bracket for personal income below $60,000, which is expected to cost provincial coffers $1.4 billion annually. While the Smith government’s 2024 budget delayed this tax cut, the premier recently said a “substantial” cut is coming soon.
 
According to Smith, the committee will review “every single program in every single department to see if there are ways that we can remove wasteful spending, move spending from low-priority areas to high-priority areas, find ways that we can use technology to be able to deliver services better, and accelerate that personal income tax cut.”

Again, the idea of a program-by-program review is a good one. But the goal must span beyond finding savings for a single personal income tax cut. Alberta has a big spending problem and it must be meaningfully addressed.

Simply put, Alberta governments have a bad habit of increasing spending during the good times of high resource revenue and budget surpluses, like the province is currently experiencing, but fail to rein in spending when resource revenues fall. This pattern has led to historically high levels of government spending—and budget deficits—even in more recent years.

To be clear, the Smith government introduced a rule to limit increases in operating spending (e.g. spending on annual items such as government employee compensation) to the rate of population growth and inflation. But while this a step in the right direction, the government’s earlier spending increases since 2022 mean it continues to rely on relatively high—but very volatile—resource revenue to balance its budget.
 
Indeed, according to this year’s provincial budget, program spending this year will reach $14,334 per Albertan, which is $1,603 more per person (inflation-adjusted) than the government originally planned to spend in the 2022 mid-year budget update, Smith’s first fiscal plan as premier.

In total, the Alberta government will spend a projected $6,037 more per Albertan (inflation-adjusted) over four years from 2023/24 to 2026/27 than it planned in the 2022 mid-year budget update.

In other words, the government’s current plan to restrain spending by the rate of inflation and population growth is starting from a higher base level of spending. As a result, Alberta remains at risk of incurring a budget deficit when relatively high resource revenue declines.

For perspective, if resource revenue fell to its average over the last 10 years—rather than being at historic highs—the government’s $367 million projected surplus for this year would immediately fall to a deficit of $7.4 billion, even before the billion-dollar tax cut that Smith says is coming soon.

The Alberta government should use its program review to more closely align ongoing spending with stable ongoing levels of government revenue rather than onetime windfalls. Otherwise, Alberta will continue on its boom-and-bust rollercoaster that inevitably leads back to deficits and more debt.