Amid ongoing concerns about housing affordability in Southern Ontario, New Homes and Red Tape in Ontario: Residential Land-Use Regulation in the Greater Golden Horseshoe is an annual survey of homebuilders ranking municipalities in the Greater Golden Horseshoe on several categories of red tape (construction approval times, timeline uncertainty, regulatory costs and fees, rezoning prevalence and the effect council and community groups have on development). The survey —which is part of a broader effort to understand the effects of land-use regulation on Canadian housing supply — finds that the cost of complying with residential development regulations in Toronto is more than twice as expensive than in Hamilton.