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Population and the Fiscal Outcomes of Subnational Jurisdictions

Population and the Fiscal Outcomes of Subnational Jurisdictions is a new study that finds once a province or state exceeds a certain population size, the government’s role in the economy begins to grow.

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ESG Investing and Asset Returns

ESG: Myths and Realities is a new essay series that highlights the misunderstandings and simplifications of Environmental, Social and Governance investing—ESG investing for short. This third essay, ESG Investing and Asset Returns, finds that, according to a broad review of existing research, there's no conclusive evidence that investing in companies with higher ESG rankings produces higher returns for investors. Therefore, there’s also no conclusive evidence to suggest that a more expansive ESG reporting regime, mandated by government in Ottawa or elsewhere, will produce benefits to investors or society more broadly.

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Education Spending in Public Schools in Canada, 2022 Edition

Education Spending in Public Schools in Canada, 2022 Edition finds that despite common misperceptions, spending on public schools across Canada increased in seven out of 10 provinces between 2012-13 and 2019-20, before COVID-related spending began.

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Entrepreneurial Economist Predicted Socialism

Entrepreneurial Economist Predicted Socialism is a new essay that documents how the early 20th century economist Joseph Schumpeter predicted the end of capitalism as a result of capitalism’s very successes: the declining prominence of the innovator, increased calls for barriers to entry from successful businesses, and calls for government to limit the forces of creative destruction.

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Comparing Provincial Marginal Tax Rates for Middle-Income Earners Across Canada

Comparing Provincial Marginal Tax Rates for Middle Income Earners Across Canada finds that middle-income workers in Atlantic Canada pay much higher provincial personal income tax burdens than Western Canadians earning similar amounts. In fact, whereas Atlantic Canadian workers who earn the national average income ($52,750 in 2022) face provincial personal income tax burdens ranging from $4,463 in New Brunswick to $5,318 in Nova Scotia, workers in Western Canada earning the same amount pay provincial income tax burdens of between $2,353 in British Columbia and $3,914 in Saskatchewan.