A Friend in Need: Recognizing Alberta’s Outsized Contribution to Confederation finds that, between 2007 and 2015, Albertans contributed $221.4 billion more revenue to federal coffers than they received in federal transfer payments and services—a much larger net contribution than any other province.

Leaving Canada for Medical Care, 2017 estimates that more than 60,000 Canadians received non-emergency medical treatment outside the country in 2016—an increase of nearly 40 per cent over 2015. Among the provinces, Ontario physicians reported the highest number of patients (26,513) leaving the country for treatment.

Incentives, Identity, and the Growth of Canada’s Indigenous Population finds that Canada’s indigenous population increased by a staggering 275 per cent between 1986 and 2011—eight times faster than the general population—and is largely explained by so-called ethnic mobility as more and more Canadians start to identify as indigenous, and qualify for economic benefits.